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Abstract

To address the problems of narrow impedance bandwidth in conventional microstrip patch antennas at the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth band and the strong dependence of port matching and radiation efficiency on structural dimensions, this paper investigates the structural design, equivalent-circuit modeling, and test-result analysis of a wideband omnidirectional dual E-shaped microstrip patch antenna based on a partial ground plane. The antenna is fabricated on an F4B dielectric substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.2, a loss tangent of 0.0009, and overall dimensions of 30 mm × 22.5 mm × 1.575 mm. The radiating patch adopts a dual E-shaped slotted configuration, and impedance tuning around 2.4 GHz is realized by combining the microstrip feed line with the partial ground plane. On the basis of the existing parameter analysis, this paper supplements formula-based analyses of the initial microstrip patch dimensions, effective dielectric constant, fringing extension length, input impedance, reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio, equivalent RLC circuit, and efficiency. The antenna structure, equivalent circuit, prototype, S-parameter test curve, radiation pattern, and efficiency curves are inserted into the corresponding analysis positions. The results show that the antenna exhibits good impedance matching over 2.24–2.56 GHz. At the center frequency of 2.4 GHz, the measured reflection coefficient |S11| reaches approximately –43.5 dB, corresponding to a return loss of approximately 43.5 dB. The impedance bandwidth is about 317 MHz, and the fractional bandwidth is about 13.19%. Meanwhile, the gain at 2.4 GHz is approximately 2.41 dBi, the angular width is about 90°, the side-lobe level is about –1.2 dB, and both the radiation efficiency and total efficiency can reach approximately 81%. The study shows that the collaborative design of the dual E-shaped slot and the partial ground plane can effectively broaden the operating bandwidth in the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth band while maintaining a compact structure and convenient fabrication, thereby providing a basis for subsequent performance comparison with a rectangular patch antenna.

Article Type

Original Study

First Page

89

Last Page

98

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

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